Human rights: NEB Class 12 English

Human Rights Exercise: Question Answers and Grammar

Working with words Section

A. Pair the following words as opposites.

Despair: hope
Kind: cruel
Fresh: stale
Strange: Familiar
Normal: eccentric
Fierce: gentle
Corrupt: honest
Selfish: generous

Also, Browse the following:

• Class 12 English New Syllabus Complete Notes
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• Class 12 Business Studies Complete Notes
• Class 11 & 12 Nepali Vyakaran

B. By adding a suitable suffix to each word in the table, form another word as in the examples below.

into noun
open-minded: open-mindedness
accommodate: accommodation
rehearse: rehearsal
transgress : transgression
angry: anger
mix: mixture

into adjective
pain: painful
differ: different
behave: behavior
remark: remarkable
indifferent: indifference
thought: thoughtful

into verb
less: lessen
sure: ensure
real: realize
glory: glorify
power: powering/powers
prison: prisoning/prisoned

C. Pronounce the following words with the help of a dictionary.

Words	Pronunciation
Viewer	/ˈvjuːə/
sure	/ʃɔː,ʃʊə/
cure	/kjʊə,kjɔː/
fluent	/ˈfluːənt/
poor	/pɔː,pʊə/
affluence	/ˈaflʊəns/
flower	/ˈflaʊə/
curious	/ˈkjʊərɪəs/
tourist	/ˈtʊərɪst/
allowance	/əˈlaʊəns/
usual	/ˈjuːʒʊəl/
intellectual	/ˌɪntəˈlɛktʃʊəl/
visual	/ˈvɪʒ(j)ʊəl,ˈvɪzjʊəl/
mature	/məˈtʃʊə/
endure	/ɪnˈdjʊə,ɛnˈdjʊə,ɪnˈdʒɔː,ɛnˈdʒɔː/
join	/dʒɔɪn/
coin	/kɔɪn/
boy	/bɔɪ/
voice	/vɔɪs/
noise	/nɔɪz/
soil	/spɔɪl/
hoist	/hɔɪst/
moist	/mɔɪst/
avoid	/əˈvɔɪd/
toy	/tɔɪ/
toilet	/ˈtɔɪlɪt/
annoy	/əˈnɔɪ/
enjoy	/ɪnˈdʒɔɪ,ɛnˈdʒɔɪ/
poison	/ˈpɔɪz(ə)n/

 

Comprehension Section

A. Write True or False after each statement. Give a reason for your answer.

a. The author says his father was an ideal person in the family. False
He used to abuse his mother verbally and physically when he was drunk.

b. The author wanted to forgive his father but he did not get an opportunity. False
Because he had many pressure and stress.

c. It’s worth forgiving a person if he/she realizes his/her mistakes. True

d. South Africa had the dual type of education system in the 1960s. True

e. The author lived in a joint family. False
Because the author had only his wife and two children in his family.

f. The author regretted for not getting a chance to talk to his father. True

g. According to the author, all our glories and splendours are short-lived. True

 

B. Answer the following questions.

a. How does the author remember his family environment when he was a small boy?

The author talks about the house where he grew up and how his father beat his mother both verbally and physically.

b. Why does the author blame the system more than his father?

Because the system was to blame for his father's stresses, pressures, and traumas, the author holds the system more accountable than his father.

c. How does the principle of forgiveness work?

The forgiveness principle is independent of other people's behaviour. It is a means of achieving peace and harmony as well as self-healing. It alleviates our suffering and gives our hearts and minds a sense of freedom. It demonstrates that people are selfish and do not forgive to benefit another person. Instead, they forgive to benefit themselves.

d. How does the author interpret the noise, squalls and tantrums of his children?

The author sees the noise, screams, and temper tantrums of his children as a parent's whole list of failures, irritations, tiredness, and other feelings.

e. Why did the author decide to educate his children in Swaziland?

He decided to send his kids to school in Swaziland because he didn't like how the Bantu Education Act of South Africa made schools for black kids worse.

f. How does the author define human life?

The author claims that human life is a complex mixture of goodness, beauty, cruelty, heartbreak, interference, love, and many other emotions.

g. According to the author, is it heredity or environment that shapes a man’s character? Explain.

The author contends that a man's environment or genetics influence his character. Every child is born at the same time. A child is neither a liar nor a rapist at birth. He or she is not born with a violent or hateful nature. No one is born with less goodness or glory than we are. Therefore, a man's family does not influence his character. Our immediate environment is what moulds our personalities.

h. Why is forgiveness important in our life?

Forgiveness is important in our lives because it allows us to be free of our past mistakes and move forward into our future unaffected by the mistakes we made in the past.

 

Critical Thinking Section

a. Desmond Tutu once said, "Forgiving is not forgetting; it is actually remembering-remembering and not using your right to hit back. It’s a second chance for a new beginning." Does this quotation apply to this text? Analyze.

"Forgiving is not forgetting; it is remembering—remembering and not exercising your right to retaliate. It's a second chance for a fresh start." is one of Desmond Tutu's well-known quotes. Forgiveness is the process of letting go of feelings of vengeance toward a person or group who has harmed us, whether they deserve forgiveness or not. It is not to minimize the gravity of an offence committed against us, nor does it imply forgetting. Even though the author is willing to apologize in the text, he is still a victim of his father's domestic violence. Desmond Tutu recalls the anguish his father caused his mother. He wished to exact revenge on his father from his childhood. However, he later forgives his father, justifying his father's rude behaviour as a result of white people's mistreatment of black people in South Africa. Forgiving is not forgetting; rather, it is remembering and not using it to strike back.

b. The author interprets "I am sorry" as the three hardest words to say. How does it apply to your life?

Making mistakes is a normal part of life. Accepting it and apologizing for it, on the other hand, is the most difficult task. The author interprets "I'm sorry" as the three most difficult words to say in the text. Empathy is the ability to put ourselves in the shoes of another person and feel what they feel. This is something we must work on. It requires humility. We are far too often preoccupied with our own emotions. Empathy is the understanding that it is not all about us. Other people are important. They, too, have feelings, and those feelings are significant. By sincerely and authentically apologizing, we validate them as human beings.

When I hurt others, the three words "I am sorry" are the most difficult for me to say. Instead of saying sorry, I stay away from those who have been hurt by me and don't approach them again to talk. I don't talk to them or get close to them unless they come to me. I am a very proud and sensitive individual. I am easily hurt by others, which makes me sad, and I wish they would come close to me and apologize. But I never realize how much my misbehaviour affects them. I'm nervous and find it difficult to say, "I'm sorry." As a result, I find it difficult to say the three words "I am sorry" out of pride, fear of being shamed, a lack of awareness, a sense of superiority, a gap in understanding, an overwhelming emotion of guilt, and so on.

 

Writing Section

The author talks about the dual education system based on race in South Africa in the second half of the twentieth century. We also have private schools and public schools in Nepal. What should be done to make education equal for all citizens of Nepal? Write a couple of paragraphs expressing your views.

Nepal has made significant strides in terms of educational equity. Income, geography, gender, language, and disability are all factors that contribute to inequitable access and high dropout rates in most countries. Since the mid-1800s, Nepal's education system has faced numerous challenges. The first education system in Nepal was only available to elite families, and Nepalis did not have access to education until the 1950s, more than a century later. Education in Nepal is still in its early stages, with the use of technology in the classroom not becoming widespread until 2007.

To illustrate the challenges that Nepal's public school systems face, children require access to safe drinking water both at school and at home. Because of the lack of water and the high temperatures, the children have difficulty concentrating and comprehending the material at hand. As a result of this, combined with child malnutrition in Nepal, children in public schools have a disadvantage in terms of academic performance and are more likely to fall behind or drop out. Given these facts, Nepal's school system is indeed relatively new and still developing, but access to public schools remains limited. This limited access is the result of women's isolation from continuing education, which leads to poverty in families. In Nepal, there is also the issue of caste and ethnicity, which exacerbates the situation.

While the caste system was legally abolished in the 1960s, its legacy has remained with the population for many years, and people classified as low-caste are frequently economically and socially disadvantaged. Previously, children from such castes did not have access to education. This is changing as a result of government initiatives such as school enrollment campaigns and scholarships for underserved children.

 

Grammar Section

A. Join the following pairs of sentences using when and while

a. Bibha Kumari was doing her homework. The doorbell rang.

i. Bibha Kumari was doing her homework when the doorbell rang.
ii. While Bibha Kumari was doing her homework, the doorbell rang.

b. I heard the telephone ring. I picked it up.

When I heard the telephone ring, I picked it up.

c. Dil Maya found a thousand rupee note. She was washing her pants.

i. While Dil Maya was washing her pants, she found a thousand rupee note.
ii. Dil Maya was washing her pants when she found a thousand rupee note.

d. Tenjing gave his measurements to the dressmaker. He was visiting the market yesterday.

i. When Tenjing gave his measurements to the dressmaker, he was visiting the market yesterday.
ii. While Tenjing was visiting the market, he gave his measurements to the dressmaker.

e. I was at the butcher’s shop. I met Harikala.

When I was at the butcher’s shop, I met Harikala.

f. The sales agent was dealing with the customer. A thief stole the jewels.

i. While the sales agent was dealing with the customer, a thief stole the jewels.
ii. The sales agent was dealing with the customer when a thief stole the jewels.

g. My small brother was sleeping. I played chess with my father.

i. While my small brother was sleeping, I played chess with my father.
ii. My small brother was sleeping when I played chess with my father.

h. The old lady fell down. She was climbing up the stairs.

i. When the old lady fell down, she was climbing up the stairs.
ii. The old lady fell down while she was climbing up the stairs.

i. The leader was giving a speech loudly. He lost his voice.

i. While the leader was giving a speech loudly, he lost his voice.
ii. The leader was giving a speech loudly when he lost his voice.

j. Kanchan broke her backbone. She was lifting up the load.

i. Kanchan was lifting up the load when she broke her backbone.
ii. While Kanchan was lifting up the load, she broke her backbone.

B. Fill in the blanks with one of the connectives from the box.

a. We didn’t go for a morning walk today since it was raining.
b. I wanted to go home early as I was not feeling well.
c. My brother stayed at home because of/ owing to his illness.
d. I was late in the class owing to traffic jams.

e. He didn’t like dogs so he was not happy when his wife brought a puppy at home.
f. He was not included in the team owing to his knee injury.
g. As I was tired, I went to bed early.
h. He was very unhappy since he lost one million rupees in share market.
i. We cancelled our trip to Rara Lake owing to the bad weather.
j. These two lines intersect with each because they are are not parallel lines.